Knee Osteoarthritis: The “Old Person’s Disease” That’s Affecting the Young Too

You’re in your 30s, and lately your knees have started to ache. After a check-up, your doctor drops the diagnosis: early-stage knee osteoarthritis. Shocking, right? You may be wondering — isn’t OA something that happens only to older people?

In reality, knee osteoarthritis (OA) is increasingly being diagnosed in younger adults. With today’s lifestyle habits, high-impact activities, and growing rates of obesity, the “wear and tear” disease isn’t just for seniors anymore. But what exactly is knee OA, and how can you manage it? Let’s break it down.

What is Knee Osteoarthritis?

Knee osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that occurs when the protective cartilage in the knee wears down over time. The knee is a hinge joint where the femur (thigh bone), tibia (shin bone), and patella (kneecap) meet. These bones are cushioned by cartilage — a smooth, slippery tissue that helps reduce friction and allows pain-free movement.

When this cartilage breaks down, the bones start to rub against each other, leading to pain, swelling, stiffness, and reduced mobility. Although OA is most common in older adults, it can also affect younger individuals due to several contributing factors.

What Causes Knee OA?

Several factors can contribute to the development of knee osteoarthritis:

• Aging: Natural wear and tear over time increases risk.

• Genetics: A family history of OA can make you more susceptible.

• Previous Injuries: Fractures, ligament tears, or meniscus injuries increase long-term risk.

• Obesity: Extra weight places more stress on knee joints and accelerates cartilage breakdown.

• Gender: Women are more likely to develop OA, especially post-menopause.

• Overuse: High-impact sports or physically demanding jobs can take a toll.

• Muscle Weakness: Especially in the quadriceps, which support knee function.
  

Common Symptoms of Knee Osteoarthritis

Symptoms can vary from mild to severe. Common indicators include:

• Pain: Often worse with activity like walking or climbing stairs.

• Stiffness: Especially after periods of rest or in the morning.

• Swelling: Caused by inflammation or fluid buildup in the joint.

• Reduced Range of Motion: Difficulty bending or straightening the knee.

• Grinding or Popping Sensation: A sign of cartilage loss.

• Instability: The knee may feel weak or like it's "giving way."

How Is Knee Osteoarthritis Diagnosed?

A proper diagnosis often involves:

• Physical Examination: Your healthcare provider will assess swelling, movement, tenderness, and joint stability.

• X-Rays: To detect joint space narrowing, bone spurs, and cartilage loss.

• MRI Scans: Used when more detailed imaging of soft tissues is needed.

• Joint Fluid Analysis: To rule out other causes like gout or infection.

Managing Knee Osteoarthritis: What Are Your Options?

While OA cannot be reversed, symptoms can be effectively managed. Treatment aims to reduce pain, improve mobility, and slow progression.

Treatment Options May Include:

• Lifestyle changes: Weight management, joint-friendly activities like swimming or cycling

• Exercise & Physiotherapy: Strengthening and mobility exercises (see diagram below for examples)

• Medication: Pain relievers, anti-inflammatory drugs

• Injections: Corticosteroids or hyaluronic acid

• Support Devices: Knee braces, orthotics

• Surgery: In severe cases, joint-preserving procedures or knee replacement may be considered

Moving Forward with Confidence

Knee osteoarthritis may be a lifelong condition, but it doesn’t have to control your life. With early detection and a proactive treatment plan — including regular physiotherapy and lifestyle adjustments — many people manage their symptoms successfully and continue to lead active, fulfilling lives.

If you’re experiencing persistent knee pain or stiffness, don’t wait. Get evaluated early and take the first step toward better joint health!